Why it matters
A lump, enlargement or change in texture deserves examination. An abnormality does not automatically mean cancer.
Know your normal
One testicle may normally hang lower or be slightly larger. What matters is an unusual change from your own normal appearance.
Changes to report
Report a lump, heaviness or persistent discomfort, even without pain. Appearance alone cannot identify the cause.
Recognise an emergency
Sudden severe testicular pain is an emergency, particularly to exclude torsion. Do not simply wait to see how it develops.
Assessment
The clinician examines the scrotum and may request ultrasound. Blood tests are selected if a tumour is suspected.
Self-examination and screening
Noticing a change differs from routine screening. The USPSTF recommends against screening asymptomatic people; organisations differ in their self-examination messages. Discuss your personal risk with your clinician.
Individual circumstances
A history of an undescended testicle or testicular cancer may call for individual follow-up. If treatment is planned, discuss fertility before it begins.
Three questions to ask at your visit
- What could explain this change?
- Does my personal history change the follow-up needed?
- When and how will I receive test results?
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.