Definition
Disrupted urine storage or emptying caused by a nervous-system condition.
Symptoms
Leakage, difficulty voiding, incomplete emptying or infection; symptoms may be limited.
How it may be discovered
May accompany spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis or other neurological disease.
When to seek care
Assessment can be important even without major discomfort, to protect bladder and kidney function.
Investigations and tests
History, examination, bladder diary, renal function, ultrasound and risk-based urodynamics.
Reaching a diagnosis
Testing identifies poor emptying or excessive pressure and guides individual follow-up.
Treatment options
Self-catheterisation when indicated, medicines, botulinum toxin and occasionally surgery; education and renal monitoring remain essential.
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.