Urinary stones
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy — PCNL
Updated: 3 October 2026
Understand through movement
Removal of kidney stones: PCNL
European Association of Urology · Video in English
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My pathway: before, during, after
01Indications
Treat mainly large or complex kidney stones.
02Preparation
CT imaging, infection and anaesthetic assessment; discuss bleeding risk and current medicines.
03What happens
A small tract through the skin gives access to the kidney to break and remove stones under anaesthesia.
04Follow-up
Hospital monitoring checks bleeding, infection and remaining stones. Temporary drainage may be needed.
05Expected results
Removes a substantial stone burden, sometimes in stages.
06Risks and limitations
Potential risks include significant bleeding, infection and injury to nearby organs.
Questions for your consultation
- Why this procedure rather than another option?
- What benefit should I expect in my case?
- When can I resume activities and whom should I contact if problems occur?
Medical references
These guides describe treatment options without implying that every technique is offered at the practice. Indications, anaesthesia and recovery are individualised.
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