Physiology

Hormones, age and genital function

Updated: 3 October 2026

Reading time · 1 min See illustrations

The role

Hormones influence genital tissues, reproduction and aspects of sexuality.

In men, brain–testicle signalling regulates testosterone; one symptom alone does not establish deficiency.

At menopause, lower oestrogen can change vulvovaginal and urinary tissues, with varying effects.

Hormone treatment requires assessment and an indication; external testosterone can suppress sperm production.

This general information does not replace a consultation. Tests and treatments are selected for each individual; they are not a routine checklist.

Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.

Male pelvic and reproductive anatomy, side view. Anatomical or procedural reference; it does not by itself depict the condition described.

Reading this diagram

The prostate sits below the bladder. The urethra passes through the prostate and then the penis. The rectum lies behind them.

NIDDK / NIHNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.

Female pelvic anatomy, side view. Anatomical or procedural reference; it does not by itself depict the condition described.

Reading this diagram

The bladder is at the front and connects to the urethra. The uterus and vagina are nearby organs, separate from the urinary tract.

NIDDK / NIHNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.