Definition
Urine flows backwards from the bladder into one or both ureters, sometimes reaching the kidneys.
Symptoms
Often no specific symptoms; febrile infections or kidney abnormalities may coexist.
How it may be discovered
Investigation after urinary infections or prenatal dilation.
When to seek care
Unexplained fever in a child with reflux needs assessment for infection.
Investigations and tests
Ultrasound and indicated voiding cystography; kidney assessment according to risk.
Reaching a diagnosis
Cystography identifies reflux and grade; not every child requires it.
Treatment options
Monitoring, bladder and bowel management, selected antibiotic prevention or correction according to infections and kidney risk.
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.